I know that each planet is going to have different types of weather system but I would to get into the effects and new stuff they can add into the game which uses the weather/storm.
Storms should carry debris and research pods which when hits the astroneer should cause some damage, these debris and research pods could be captured by a new item -
The Net -
Researched for 1500 bytes
Recipe - 1 Plastic and 2 rubber
Built by - Medium Platform
Can look something like this-
Every time a storm hits the net should opened manually or the net should have a sens